Traditionally, the master artist would make a mold out of stone, and then use the paper maché to form the shape of the mask with that mold. The horns of a cow would then be attached to the mask to make the distinctive horns seen in most designs. However, this is not often done anymore because it is difficult to find the real horns. Instead, she makes the horns out of cardboard and posterboard. I also learn that the traditional masks can be either simple or complex, and many often imitate animals from Puerto Rico—cows, bulls, rooster, etc.

The technique that Ms. González uses allows her to actually capture the face of the person whose mask it will be. She feels that this individual touch is important and makes each mask that person’s own. She begins with foil, which is pressed upon a person’s head to make the mold, and then strengthens it with masking tape. She then uses scissors to cut out the eyes, mouth, and other openings. Also, cardboard or another heavy paper is attached to make the horns of the mask. They are also attached with the masking tape and some glue.

Now she begins the process of paper maché.

Ms. González tells me that often the paper used for this project is recycled, such as newsprint. This is fine, but she uses craft paper because it is thicker and easier to work with. Artisans in Puerto Rico also use craft paper, but individuals crafting their own masks may not. In the past, she would have made her own glue with flour and water, but now she mostly uses white glue.

When the entire mask has been covered with the paper maché, it is very hard and stiff.

After the glue dries, the mask is ready to paint. She begins with a base layer of white primer paint, and then uses the brightly colored acrylic paints to finish the mask.